Luce Vera

Spiritualità Applicata

Misteri e Trucchi svelati: Il cavallo che conosceva la matematica

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All’inizio del secolo, in germania, un cavallo di nome Hans raggiunse gli onori della cronaca.

Il suo padrone, W. von Osten, non era un addestratore di circo come tutti gli altri.

Era infatti un seguace delle teorie di Darwin, che si era prefissato come missione di dimostrare quanto fosse grande l’intelligenza degli animali.

Von Osten impiegò più di dieci anni ad insegnare al suo cavallo l’aritmetica, la lettura, la musica.

I risultati, che richiesero molto tempo, superarono tuttavia le aspettative: il cavallo sembrava veramente dotato di un’intelligenza superiore; era in grado di risolvere problemi di matematica.

Gli spettacoli nei quali veniva presentato l’intelligente Hans (der kluge Hans) si svolgevano spesso nel cortile di casa Von Osten.

Il pubblico si disponeva in semicerchio attorno all’animale e proponeva al suo padrone una domanda di aritmetica: “Quanto fa 9 + 3?”.

Von Osten disponeva davanti all’animale nove oggetti su un tavolo e tre su un’altro.

Dopo aver esaminato gli oggetti davanti ausciva a farlo anche se il padrone lo diceva a voce o lo scriveva alla lavagna.

Il cavallo Hans conosceva il valore delle monete,sapeva fare le operazioni,alle domande che richiedevano come risposta un no o un sì, rispondeva scuotendo il capo lateralmente o verticalmente.

In breve, solo il linguaggio sembrava distinguere Hans da un essere umano, e noti educatori stimarono le sue capacità intellettive simili a quelle di un ragazzo di 13-14 anni.lui, il cavallo dava la sua risposta battendo con lo zoccolo una serie di colpi pari al totale dell’addizione.

Il pubblico aveva anche la possibilità di porre direttamente ad alta voce le domande all’animale, oppure di scriverle in caratteri arabi su pannelli, ed il cavallo rispondeva con altrettanta facilità.

Nel settembre del 1904, una commissione di esperti, che comprendeva anche l’eminente psicologo tedesco C. Stumpf, concluse, dopo un esame approfondito, che non vi era alcun trucco e che le esibizioni dell’animale erano veritiere.

Questa conclusione non convinse O. Pfungst, uno degli studenti del psicologo.

Con non poche difficoltà, alla fine Pfungst dimostrò che il cavallo reagiva alle attese di chi gli poneva la domanda. Il suo padrone era del tutto in buona fede, tuttavia, involontariamente comunicava all’animale il momento esatto in cui doveva interrompere il conteggio con lo zoccolo.

Il cavallo continuava a comportarsi bene addirittura quando von Osten era assente, forse perchè riusciva a percepire la crescente tensione del pubblico, tuttavia esso non possedeva nessun tipo di conoscenza matematica, ma rispondeva in funzione di ciò che da lui la gente si aspettava.

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Written by lucevera

October 1st, 2008 at 4:45 pm

3 Responses to 'Misteri e Trucchi svelati: Il cavallo che conosceva la matematica'

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  1. Ne ho visto anche io uno di questi animali…
    Gli veniva domandato di eseguire una operazione e lui, anche in questo caso un cavallo, batteva sul terreno lo zoccolo per indicare il risultato…

  2. @lorenzo-loreanne Ma dai!!!! Dove? In Italia? Io amo i cavalli. Il cavallo è l’animale in assoluto che amo di piu’!

    lucevera

    1 Oct 08 at 5:03 pm

  3. Accidenti, anche la spiritualità deve pagare le Bollette!?!??! son tornati gli adsense.

    Conoscevo la storia del cavallo matematico: un ottimo conoscitore ed interprete del non-verbale.

    Saamaya

    1 Oct 09 at 12:00 am

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